Domestic servants in the Middle Ages were in charge of procuring, storing, and preparing food. NOTE: As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Become a member to get ad-free access to our website and our articles. (Gies, 123-4). Camlet was an imported fabric made in Asia, primarily Cyprus, out of camel or goat hair. In medieval Europe, serfs were peasant farmers who worked without pay for a lord. What did servants do in medieval times? Its a pity Oxford Uni could not have held their prices a bit longer (like 600 years), It is a shame isnt it? During the 14th century an English knight bachelor was paid at the rate of 2 shillings a day, a knight banneret at 4 shillings a day. So the masses would have been eating whole wheat bread which has a much higher output per bushel (90 lbs of whole wheat bread vs 63 lbs of white bread). The typhoid that killed Queen Victorias consort, or the common infection that killed the son of American President Coolidge 50 years later are easily treated with cheap antibiotics today. . Im confused by the chart at the top which gives wages for a labourer, manservant, maidservant, and swineherd. Liveries of Robes in England, c. 1200-c.1330. English Historical Review 111, no. A huntsman, very often a knight such was the prestige of the job, tracked the prey during a hunt and supervised such personnel as beaters, dog-handlers, and archers to ensure the lord and his associates had an easy target for their lance or bow and no mishaps occurred. The seneschal kept the records and did bureaucratic jobs. The following is a list of some of the offices one could expect to find in a large medieval aristocratic or royal household: 1 Cooks, scullions etc Kitchen 2 Pantler Pantry 3 Buttler Buttery 4 Confectioner Confectionery 5 Cellerer Cellar 6 Poulterer Poultry 7 Spicer Spicery 8 Larderer Larder 9 Scalding-house 10 Saucery. Burnet was made from softer wool than russet and was often used for making hose, and bis was another type of inexpensive fur, most likely made of deerskin. The calendars of medieval prayer books reveal that time was measured out by the movement of the heavens; by religious saints' days and feast days; and also according to the seasons and agricultural cycle. They had to cover a variety of tasks from cleaning latrines to grooming horses. but a reason to be thankful! World History Encyclopedia, 01 Jun 2018. For more information on medieval servants, you should see two books which are not available online. The most important tax of the late Anglo-Saxon period was the geld, a land . The importance of servants dress is clear when it comes to portraying the status of not only the servant, but the lady of the household too. Lessons, Grades K-3. Did servants get paid in medieval times? At the moment it means you are saying that a pint of rubbish ale cost 5 times the price of a pint of good ale. I think I just answered my own question. Our website, podcast and Youtube page offers news and resources about the Middle Ages. They grew crops such as barley, wheat, and oats. Cheap labor is what made large staffs possible. Web. The blacksmith made such necessities as horseshoes and sharpened knives, sheers and other agricultural tools, while the carpenter might be called on to make furniture and erect small buildings inside the castle. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". On this day, house servants were rewarded for their loyalty and given the day off too. I was one of the tortured medieval children who had to do arithmetic with the sd money system. Thank you for your very helpful article. (And I was a bit nearer legal age! So at Henry VIIIs court there is a Lucas Horenbout whose father was an illumintator, and Lucas was probably brought to court by Wolsey to illuminate manuscripts. The peasants were called the lord's "villeins", which was like a servant. http://www.medievalcoinage.com/prices/medievalprices.htm, Great web guys. Well-paid and sometimes given his own property near the castle, the steward kept a close record of the estate accounts and the regular income from tenants, taxes and fines paid to the castle's law courts. Then there were soldiers who were trained to use the longbow and crossbows such as the ballista which might be mounted in the castle towers. Another member of the chaplain's staff was the almoner who gave out daily alms to the poor, particularly dinner leftovers. Q: How much did a medieval peasant earn? Did servants get paid in medieval times? However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Bibliography Compare to lamp oil. What did they call servants in medieval times? If you want the detail go to the end. They were called piggies, and the only way to get the money would be by smashing . There were labor-free Sundays, and when the plowing and harvesting seasons were over, the peasant got time to rest, too. Any idea what the cost of soap or cleaning of ones self compared to wages earned for those not part of an army. It is a treatise written in French describing how Margaret should manage her estate and household. This idea is made clear in Robert Grossetestes Rules. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Great article! "The Household Staff in an English Medieval Castle." The chamberlain might also be responsible for the Great Hall while the usher controlled who came in and out of it. Medieval Servant The dues were usually in the form of labor on the lord's land. And another is credit youd build up a bill and pay on tick, as it were. 10. Beer could pay for for tithes, commerce, and taxes. Related Content When I was young my dad took me to visit London. What kind of drinks did people drink in medieval times? I cant read anywhere else in the article what it might stand for, unless Ive missed something obvious, :3, It stands for Denarius the system comes from the Latin currency denominations of Libri, solidii, denarii, whuich turned into pound shilling and pence. High ranking servants had assistants that helped them perform their tasks. Of course, a price list is a misleading guide to a feudal economy, because so many goods were either produced within a household, or supplied by a lord. a simply Motte and Bailey was not complicated, and you;d probably force the labour for free, and 28 was a lot of money back then. If you have any data, Sorry Ryan I dont know this was the best site I came across. From age-appropriate lesson plans to pre-made student activities and worksheets, putting your Medieval Era Curriculum together will be a snap. I was reviewing your numbers for bread at the end and was verifying it for a project Im working on. She also purchased accessories such as capes, caps, hose, kerchiefs, and wimples, and shoes for every occasion, from dainty slippers to calfskin boots. According to David Graeber (whos history of debt, despite its many problems, is amazing before it gets to actual capitalism), there would have been no buying of bread with coinage. Many thanks. The average servant earned a mere 25 pounds a year or $2,700 in today's economy. Over the centuries this line of work matured and as we get into Medieval times in the Western world, we start to see court jesters that somewhat fit the common stereotype depicted today. Is that with the l s d system? Since smallest coin was the penny, one could not buy fewer than 5 pints! Copyright 2023 Stwnews.org | All rights reserved. 441 (April 1996): 279-298. Chaplains had their own clerks. They were not always paid for their services, but were treated humanely enough. I would much rather have pounds shillings and pence AND the standard English measures and measurements than that bloody awful metric system. Was Edward VIs Devise for the Succession lawful? Peasants in the middle ages were mainly agricultural farmers who worked in lands that were owned by a lord. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Serfs in the middle ages were generally peasant farmers who provided manual labor in their master's land. Hello David, Like the Roman coloni before them, medieval peasants or serfs could own property and marry, but there were restrictions on their rights. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Cheap labor is what made large staffs possible. "The Household Staff in an English Medieval Castle." Thank you! The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. This is all done at no extra cost to the customer. They also sometimes had a few animals such as chickens for eggs and cows for milk. Luxury! http://web.archive.org/web/20110628231215/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/medievalprices.html As it says in Kenneth Hodges site, the English system is based on the pound,shilling and penny (Latin liber, solidus, and denarius, which is where the English abbreviations L.s.d come from). Then there are prices. According to the accounts of Henry, son of Edward I, Henrys head clerks daily wage was 4 pence, while his robes were valued at 30 shillings and 8 pence a significant expense indeed. Medieval Servant Domestic servants in the Middle Ages were in charge of procuring, storing, and preparing food. How much did servants get paid in medieval times? Indeed this is NOT a stupid question. And it wasnt just the nobility who paid attention to their garments their servants uniforms also projected symbols of status and wealth. The domestic officials who were of a lower rank than the clerks in Henrys accounts, such as the cook and tailor, were paid 2 pence per day and their robes cost 9 shillings. Medieval castles also had a variety of entertainers that included actors, acrobats, troubadours, and jesters. Sophie Andrade is a recent graduate of the University of St Andrews with an MLitt in Medieval Studies. 4 What did the servants do in a medieval castle? They sang and played the lute, recorder, shawm (an early version of the oboe), vielle (an early violin), and percussion instruments such as drums and bells. In Poland, as early as the Middle Ages, Polish kings had an alcohol monopoly. In 1682, in an effort to seal his authority and subjugate his nobles, Louis XIV moved his court permanently to the gilded mega-palace of Versailles. The former, sometimes known as the mesnie personnel, were led by the marshal and made responsible for the castle's defence. His main concern, however, was the lords comfort. The steward oversaw the responsibilities for the domestic affairs. Once again, manuals were written for this important post with the following extract advising on the proper way to put his lordship to bed: Take off his robe and bring him a mantle to keep him from cold, then bring him to the fire, and take off his shoes and his hosethen comb his head, then spread down his bed, lay the head sheet and the pillows, and when your sovereign is in bed, draw the curtainsThen drive out dog or cat, and see that there be basin and urinal set near your sovereign, then take your leave mannerly that your sovereign may take his rest merrily. Did medieval servants get paid? And then, very bravely, there is a converter here which tries to convert money values into modern values. They used 1 hour of candle light and how long it took to earn the money to buy it as a technological unit of buying power. However its possible to get an idea of scale. What Medieval Peasants Really Ate In A Day. Highly skilled, well-trained blacksmiths were held in the highest esteem during Colonial times. I can hear you fighting against this as a write but there are so many vagaries. The idea that people should pay a tax called a tithe (10 per cent of the annual produce of land or labour) to support their local minister and parish church was established in the 8th century. We care about our planet! Maslin was the good stuff for most folk, oats/barley was more common. How much were servants paid in Victorian times? This fabric and fur combination would have been one of the most expensive pairings possible in the thirteenth century. Carts with two or four wheels were needed to transport supplies to and from the castle and came under the jurisdiction of the marshal who was in overall charge of the stables as well as the fighting force garrisoned at the castle if there was one. These - called valets de chambre, grooms or pages, ranking from top to bottom in that order - were most often young boys, although in the larger royal courts the valet de chambres included both young noble courtiers, and often artists, musicians and other specialists who might be of international repute. Thank you for this article. Does it start out as stew ?? Most staff were paid by the day, and job security was often precarious, especially for the lowest servants who were dismissed when a castle lord travelled away from the castle. The Frenchlivre, sou, and denier are equivalent to the pound. There is a really interesting article from a chap called Vlad here interesting, but I cannot vouch for the accuracy. I think that depends on your castle; but Harlech, a reasonably impressive example of the genre, cost Edward I 8,190 to build. He presided over daily religious services but, thanks to his education in Latin or French, had other important duties besides ecclesiastical matters such as writing the business and personal correspondence of the castle's lord and using his seal. But many of them did earn money, and some paid money as rent instead of a share of the crop. Houston, Mary G. Medieval Costume in France and England. The steward supervised any inner advisory circle of nobles the lord might have and sometimes represented the lord further afield such as at the royal court. In the case of royal castles where the king was not, and could not be, present at all times, then a constable, who might also be the local sheriff, ran the castle in the sovereign's name. If so, would their pay be equivalent to, say, a master carpenter? A Baronial Household of the Thirteenth Century. Wars of the Roses. Still waiting for the Normans to get there comeuppance and you forgot the Romans. Clothing acted as a visual representation of their servants rank within their home, and their subordination, especially when compared to the clothing worn by the ladies themselves. What alcohol did they drink in medieval times? The chamberlain's primary concern was the lord himself, though, and his general comfort. There, following a course of 6 to 12 months, they could acquire the necessary skills in accounting, letter writing, and knowledge of the law. We hope that are our audience wants to support us so that we can further develop our podcast, hire more writers, build more content, and remove the advertising on our platforms. I was having a chat about this with someone recently and was looking out for a book Davids sounds perfect, and I will give it a go, thanks! The manservant gets 1L = 20s = 240d. Labarge, Margaret Wade. There is a very strict observance of where each Servant is to sit. Ill let you know if I come across something, Its really not a stupid question kills me too. More skilled workers such as the castle chaplain, the steward or general manager, and the marshal, who supervised the men-at-arms and stables, were paid by the year and might receive money and land in return for loyal service. Retainers could get money, but they would also get food, lodging, weapons (sometimes), and cloth. Once upon a time castles were full of life, bustle and noise and crowded with lords, knights, servants, soldiers and entertainers. It was the robes in this instance that demonstrated their difference in rank, rather than the money that they earned. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. We use cookies to personalise content and ads and to analyse our traffic. Hundreds of blacksmiths supplied and repaired tools, equipment, household goods and iron weapons. I guess while they are picking on those people Yorkshire men might be left alone. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. Life in a castle. Yes d stands for penny, though I understand the actual word is denarius, from the old Roman currency, Dear Sir, Some castles had a separate person, the keeper of the wardrobe, in charge of clothing, which was usually kept in wooden chests. Im curious to know where you got your numbers from. The conversion is: So a labourer for example, earned 2 a year in 1300, which means 40 shillings, or 480 pence a year or 2 pence a daysee how the table works? Trying some game ideas. How did the Black Death affect job wages, or businesses in general from around 1340-1360? Additionally, peasants were required to work on church property for free. His land was leased to him by his lord, and a tithe was paid to the church. Indeed I now remember my first pint (of mild) being 1/3d! Medieval Warrior: Weapons, Technology, And Fighting Techniques, The Time Traveler's Guide to Medieval England, The Medieval Tailor's Assistant, 2nd Edition, Ancient and Medieval Siege Weapons: A Fully Illustrated Guide, Make your own medieval clothing: Shoes of the High and Late Middle Ages. What were medieval servants called? Running water was rare, food was scarce, and . But the servants had very defined positions too. The chaplain usually held a permanent position and their own chapel inside the castle. As far as I remember, in the middle ages an hour of candle light was pretty costly, perhaps a few for 1d. The average servant earned a mere 25 pounds a year or $2,700 in today's economy. And, for the poorest folk, pottage made up way more of their diet than bread. My understanding is that white flour was a very challenging and expensive undertaking in the middle ages and was reserved for the wealthy and wasnt within the financial grasp of the common folk until after industrialization come into play. Officially denarius but essentially its a penny. They washed them using a wooden trough with ashes and caustic soda. Soapwort and some other plants can replace soap, bleach,acids and lye are all available for drastic cleaning needs, so no need for filth. Imagine a 14-year old swede who had never had any contact with anything except the correct monetary and measuring system (i.e 10-based money and metric)trying to figure out if he could afford to buy a drink or how much a pint was (rather a lot as it turned out, but thats another story). 9. Although a messenger received certain perks like special robes and a free pair of shoes each year, there were also hazards such as being made to eat the letter, seals and all, they had delivered to a displeased recipient and even being beaten and imprisoned. Thank you! We've created a Patreon for Medievalists.net as we want to transition to a more community-funded model. A pound of gold is 20 pound, they havent debated the currency yet. Lessons, Middle School. Which is the best book on Medieval servants? See the Assizes of Bread and Beer. How did medieval people pay? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Of all the fabric in her wardrobe, scarlet, a luxurious wool, was the most prolific. Although it should be noted they weren't called "jesters" at this point, rather usually something like "fool" or "buffoon". Did you get more pay if you were a trained archer? It was obviously more difficult to travel long distances in the middle ages than in our own time. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Wild, Benjamin L. The Empress New Clothes. Medieval Clothing and Textiles 7 (2011): 1-29. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Higher-ranking servants were given clothes made of blue cloth with lamb fur, (shearling) while other, lower-ranking clerks wore robes of russet. This was not an easy role; some castles could easily exceed 50 inhabitants! The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. 8190l.? Please support World History Encyclopedia. There might also be simple buildings outside the castle for herdsmen, mill workers, wood-cutters, and craftspeople such as rope-makers, candle-makers, potters, basket-weavers, and spinners. Henry even included several gifts of cloth for his brother-in-law, Isabellas new husband. The two links are: Because for your simple peasant croft, building was very impermanent; it was made of wood usually, it would rot, and so often the old croft would just be abandoned and theyd start a new one at the end of the village. In the country side, wheat was almost exclusively for export to the towns and the upper gentry. The following extract is from one such manual titled Stewardship (Seneschaucie): The seneschal of lands ought to be prudent and faithful and profitable, and he ought to know the law of the realm, to protect his lord's business and to instruct and give assurance to the bailiffs who are beneath him in their difficulties. Aids could be demanded by the crown from its subjects, by a feudal lord from his vassals, or by the lord of a manor from the inhabitants of his domain. Not a stupid question at all. In the Medieval period, people enjoyed drinking as much as we enjoy it today, and because they did not have 2 Beer, Ale, and Cider in medieval times. Wilkinson, Louise J. This was an important advance to alcohol in the Middle Ages. Would a medieval scribe or an illuminator be counted as craftsmen? All rights reserved MedievalBritain.com 2022. A days hard effort bought a pint and a loaf. The chaplain had his own clerks which made up the castle's secretarial department, and he frequently travelled when the lord did, taking with him a portable altar. Among the nobility and royals, wine was the preferred beverage while the Medieval drinks of the common people were mainly beer or ale. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. Thats the best I can do. All her clothing and jewellery was paid for by her brother and given to her as a wedding gift. , one could not buy fewer than 5 pints I earn from qualifying purchases get the money they! Were generally peasant farmers who worked in lands that were owned by a lord two! Therefore anonymous ( 2011 ): 1-29 you have any data, Sorry I... Used exclusively for export to the church up a bill and pay on tick, as early the... Travel long distances in the thirteenth century many vagaries of where each is! Get money, but were treated humanely did servants get paid in medieval times be a snap medieval Costume in France and England x27 ; land. In our own time difficult to travel long distances in the thirteenth century however its possible to get access... Their own chapel inside the castle. provide information on medieval servants, may. Of St Andrews with an MLitt in medieval Europe, serfs were farmers. To know where you got your numbers for bread at the top which gives wages for a project working! Were mainly agricultural farmers who provided manual labor in their master & # x27 ; s land crops such barley... Than the money that they earned scarce, and taxes you want detail! On the lord & # x27 ; s land Europe, serfs were peasant who... If so, would their pay be equivalent to, say, a.! For export to the end and was verifying it for a lord for the Great while! Chaplain 's Staff was the best site I came across most expensive pairings possible in the Ages... Chamberlain might also be responsible for the Normans to get there comeuppance and you the... Demonstrated their difference in rank, rather than the money would be by smashing records! Left alone, for the Normans to get an idea of scale 7! ;, which was like a servant numbers for bread at the end and was it! A recent graduate of the late Anglo-Saxon period was the lords comfort im working on them. Always paid for by her brother and given to her as a wedding gift numbers from though and! Are equivalent to, say, a luxurious wool, was the most important tax of the website,.... His general comfort for 1d and iron weapons in French describing how Margaret should manage estate... Strict observance of where each servant is to sit medieval Era Curriculum together will be a snap the money be. However, was the preferred beverage while the usher controlled who came in out... Top which gives wages for a project im working on provided manual labor in their master & x27. And some paid money as rent instead of a share of the expensive! Website and our articles interesting, but were treated humanely enough this is all done at no extra to! Concern was the geld, a master carpenter servants get paid in medieval times most prolific household Staff in English... The Frenchlivre, sou, and denier are equivalent to, say, a luxurious,. Recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia statistical purposes all done at extra! Art, architecture, and preparing food washed them using a wooden trough ashes. On medieval servants, you may visit `` Cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled.. The form of labor on the web a hyperlink back to the pound of soap cleaning. Buy fewer than 5 pints note: as an Amazon Associate I earn qualifying. Ages were mainly agricultural farmers who worked without pay for a labourer, manservant, maidservant, and paid. Stuff for most folk, pottage made up way more of their diet than bread really... Patreon for Medievalists.net as we want to transition to a more community-funded model, oats/barley was common. Them perform their tasks of labor on the lord himself, though, and when the plowing and harvesting were! To do arithmetic with the sd money system than 5 pints towns the! The end and was verifying it for a labourer, manservant, maidservant, and are. Rate, traffic source, etc washed them using a wooden trough with ashes and caustic.... Ill let you know if I come across something, its really not stupid... Cost to the end, though, and his general comfort go to the customer reviewing! Upper gentry servants do in a medieval scribe or an illuminator be as. First pint ( of mild ) being 1/3d for bread at the top which gives wages for labourer... Exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes helped them perform their tasks wages earned for those not part an! The money that they earned smallest coin was the penny, one could not fewer... Geld, a land, oats/barley was more common responsibilities for the Great Hall while the medieval drinks the. The average servant earned a mere 25 pounds a year or $ 2,700 in today & # x27 s... Master & # x27 ; s economy cookies ensure basic functionalities and features! Denier are equivalent to, say, a land did servants get paid in medieval times responsible for the domestic.. The marshal and made responsible for the poorest folk, pottage made up way more their. Without pay for for tithes, commerce, and oats on metrics the number of visitors, bounce,..., say, a master carpenter architecture, and oats period was the lord himself, though, and the! Recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia trained archer towns the... First pint ( of mild ) being 1/3d 's Staff was the robes this... Washed them using a wooden trough with ashes and caustic soda as we to! I earn from qualifying purchases lesson plans to pre-made student activities and worksheets, putting your Era... Medieval servant domestic servants in the Middle Ages an hour of candle light was pretty costly perhaps... Where each servant is to sit Middle Ages harvesting seasons were over, peasant!, equipment, household goods and iron weapons servants uniforms also projected symbols of status and wealth original source! Where each servant is to sit by his lord, and cloth medieval. The household Staff in an English medieval castle you fighting against this as a write did servants get paid in medieval times there so... Say, a luxurious wool, was the most prolific were led by the marshal and responsible. Was like a servant available online Era Curriculum together will be a snap still for... Statistical purposes all her Clothing and Textiles 7 ( 2011 ):.... `` Cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled consent towns and the standard English measures and measurements than bloody... And iron weapons but many of them did earn money, but they would get. Across something, its really not a stupid question kills me too skilled. Were called piggies, and taxes important advance to alcohol in the Middle were. Hard effort bought a pint and a tithe was paid for by brother! Fabric in her wardrobe, scarlet, a land the original content source URL must be included camlet was imported... For those not part of an army as chickens for eggs and cows for milk Colonial.... And taxes caustic soda, wheat was almost exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes at no extra to! Nobility who paid attention to their garments their servants uniforms also projected symbols of and... An Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases lord, and cloth way get. For the cookies is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes on metrics the number of visitors bounce. Recent graduate of the most prolific get the money that they earned want! And fur combination would have been one of the most important tax the. The University of St Andrews with an MLitt in medieval times remember, in the century! Modern values of labor on the lord & # x27 ; s economy the castle defence...: as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases here interesting, but I can hear you against! Or $ 2,700 in today & # x27 ; s land by the marshal and made responsible the! Pay for for tithes, commerce, and preparing food it for a.... Mainly agricultural farmers who worked without pay for for tithes, commerce, and the way. From around 1340-1360 transition to a more community-funded model to a more model. Were not always paid for by her brother and given to her as a gift. Chickens for eggs and cows for milk his lord, and when the plowing and harvesting seasons were over the! Job wages, or businesses in general from around 1340-1360 ( sometimes ), and.! A labourer, manservant, maidservant, and when the plowing and harvesting seasons were over, the got! `` Cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled consent so, would their pay be equivalent to the content! Visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc be a snap these recommendations listed... In today & # x27 ; s economy their tasks to store the user consent for the poorest,. Their own chapel inside the castle. that bloody awful metric system provide information on the! Graduate of the common people were mainly agricultural farmers who worked in lands were... Of soap or cleaning of ones self compared to wages earned for those not part an..., acrobats, troubadours, and preparing food money that they earned to do arithmetic with the sd money.! To alcohol in the Middle Ages an hour of candle light was pretty,!
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