Lastly, to Benjamin (Benjamin means son of the right hand), Jacob had these words: Benjaminisaravenouswolf,in the morning devouringtheprey and at evening dividing the spoil. (Benjamins small tribe was war-like,and they made a shameless defense of their evil in Gibeah (Judg. Asher (motherZilpah) (Genesis 30:12-13) 9) Issachar (motherLeah) (Genesis 30:17-18) 10) Zebulun (motherLeah) (Genesis 30:19-20) 11) Joseph (mother . After the meeting, the families were directed to pasture in the land of Ramses where they lived in the province of Goshen. Commander Fred states the group had the intention to "do better" but "never better for everyone" The Boston Globe credits the organization as "old . Isaac then requested that Esau make "savory meat" for him out of the venison, according to the way he enjoyed it the most, so that he could eat it and bless Esau. 3. For New Testament believers, this is picture of the riches that we have in Christ. The firstborn got a double portion of the inheritance but that double blessing was transferable. ]G>cMN+C_[+u1B6>}q"}7|3Z_}[Tgm{Th_e|89__^eH48B HH~qvi(KeM9wT$}=&12==c[s^Cx#}t~q4_ 8/{;p[9 93XgQo2$o. This spot was then named Abel Mizraim. Jacob had twelve sons through four women, his wives, Leah and Rachel, and his concubines, Bilhah and Zilpah, who were, in order of their birth, Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin, all of whom became the heads of their own family groups, later known as the Twelve Tribes of Israel. The sons of Jacob in order of birth (and to whom) are as follows: Leah gives birth to (1) Reuben, (2) Simeon, (3) Levi, and (4) Judah. In contrast to the Judeo-Christian view of Jacob, one main difference is that the story of Jacob's blessing, in which he deceives Isaac, is not accepted in Islam. When Laban planned to deceive Jacob into marrying Leah instead of Rachel, the Midrash recounts that both Jacob and Rachel suspected that Laban would pull such a trick; Laban was known as the "Aramean" (deceiver), and changed Jacob's wages ten times during his employ (Genesis 31:7). Jacob had twelve sons. Photo credit: GettyImages/digitalskillet. Jacob is said to have had twelve sons by four women, his wives, Leah and Rachel, and his concubines, Bilhah and Zilpah, who were, in order of their birth, Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin, all of whom became the heads of their own family groups, later known Thank you for your QUEstion. Because the Pharaoh had such a high regard for Joseph, practically making him his equal,[64] it was an honor to meet his father. Then, all of the brothers returned and plundered the city, taking everything of value with them. [105][106] The period of Joseph and Jacob/Israel in Egypt (Genesis 39:50), where they were in favour at the Egyptian court and Joseph held high administrative positions next to the ruler of the land, would correspond to the time the Hyksos ruled in Egypt, during the Fifteenth Dynasty. The sons of Jacob were born in Padan-aram from different mothers, as follows: [3] The sons of Leah; Reuben (Jacob's firstborn), Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun In the same manner, the last words of Jacob were meant to be a testament for his literal sons, who were by his side, but also for all his future spiritual descendants. Jacob Lennon was 15-month-old when he . The twelve sons of Jacob, in order of their birth, are: Reuben Simeon Levi Judah Dan Naphtali Gad Asher Issachar Zebulun Joseph (Manasseh, Ephraim) Benjamin Birth order was important in the practice of primogeniture, or the eldest son inheriting most of his father's resources, and then distribution following the rank of the others. Isaac was sixty years old when she gave birth to them. Israel was embalmed for 40 days and a great ceremonial journey to Canaan was prepared by Joseph. 12. Zebulun: Jacob now skipped the birth order, moving to the tenth-born and ninth-born sons, but keeping his focus on the sons born of Leah. Jacob returned to Bethel, where he had another vision of blessing. Ashers (Asher sounds like the Hebrew raidersand raid)blessing was: Ashersfoodshallberich, andheshall yield royal delicacies. (Ashers family prospered in Egypt). How Daniels Prophecy of 70 Weeks Connects to the End Times, 4 Ways the Parable of the Sower Encourages Spiritual Growth. This was based on the condition Jacob would work another seven years for Rachel also. In his struggles, he remained strong thanks to God who fortified him. The name Israel given to Jacob following the episode of his wrestling with the angel (Genesis 32:2232) is etymologized as composition of el "god" and the root arah "to rule, contend, have power, prevail over":[8] (KJV: "a prince hast thou power with God"); alternatively, the el can be read as the subject, for a translation of "El rules/contends/struggles".[9]. At this point in the biblical narrative, two genealogies of Esau's family appear under the headings "the generations of Esau". Jacob placed rods of poplar, hazel, and chestnut, all of which he peeled "white streaks upon them,"[23] within the flocks' watering holes or troughs, associating the stripes of the rods with the growth of stripes on the livestock. Levi Jacob's son Reuben is the patriarch of the Tribe of Reuben. Article Images Copyright 2023 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. Jacob, son of Isaac and grandson of Abraham, who was renamed [21], In the morning, Jacob awakened and continued on his way to Haran, after naming the place where he had spent the night "Bethel," "God's house.". A look at each sons history shows the consequences. Dan I will go and see him before I die. Lisa and her husband, Stephen, a pastor, live in a small Ohio village with their crazy cat, Lewis. Asher 6. In the Genesis narrative, as each son is born, we learn not only their name but also the significance of the name to Rachel or Leah ( Genesis 29:32-35, Genesis 30:1-24, Genesis 35:18 ). Earth revolves around the sun for 365 days and contains no "months." The Hebrew calendar combines the two systems, lunar and solar by counting 12 months and calling it a year, lasting approximately 354 days. He heard the voice of God, who repeated many of the blessings upon him, coming from the top of the ladder. The younger son, Jacob, was an obedient, perfect Torah scholar, while his older brother Esau was a wild, aggressive hunter. If I am bereaved, I am bereaved! (Leah)let him [God] be praised To be a mighty man of God you have to be faithful and strong in your obedience, and this is what this blessing alludes to. However, Joseph was displeased that his father's right hand was not on the head of his firstborn, so he switched his father's hands. Bilhah bore (5) Dan and (6) Naphtali. Jacob had a total of twelve sons born to him, in a definite order. <>>> Josephus uses only the terms "angel", "divine angel," and "angel of God," describing the struggle as no small victory. In that post, I was focused on 1 Corinthians 15:45 and 46. No one from the house of Jacob could comfort him during this time of bereavement. (38:46) Jacob is described as a good-doer (21:72) and the Quran further makes it clear that God inspired Jacob to contribute towards purification and hold the contact prayer. Naphtali 3. Like Sarah, she was barren and later conceived, becoming pregnant with twins. Some commentators cite this placement as proof that Jacob continued to favor Joseph over Leah's children, as presumably the rear position would have been safer from a frontal assault by Esau, which Jacob feared. Literal Standard Version [91] In the majority of these references, Jacob is mentioned alongside fellow prophets and patriarchs as an ancient and pious prophet. The Promised Land [Canaan], plus an area on the east side of the Jordan River, was allocated among the 12 Tribes. Then Israel called all of his sons in and prophesied their blessings or curses to all twelve of them in order of their ages. Judah had shown repentance of his sins multiple times. Judah (the righteous line) 9. Also, Jacob's third son Levi joining with his second son Shimon in killing the people involved in the rape of their sister Dinah and Levi's descendant Pinchas killing the man who openly had . He is supposed to have been buried in the Cave of Machpelah. The important thing is its easy to remember, when we read the number 12 in the notable passages, that its of Godand not of man. Jacob spoke to Dan (Dan sounds like the Hebrew word, judged) Danshalljudgehispeople as one ofthetribesofIsrael.Danshallbeaserpentintheway, aviperbythepath, that bites the horsesheels sothathisriderfallsbackward. Joseph was born at the very end of the seven years during which Jacob's first twelve children were born, so that puts the seven years from 1808 to 1801 BC. Jacob is described as man of great faithfulness to God, who took his duty as spiritual leader of Abraham's line seriously. Reuben 11. For the name, see, West Asiatic visitors to Egypt (c.1900 BCE), A group of West Asiatic foreigners, possibly, Enumerations of the twelve tribes vary. I believe that we were focused on two different aspects of our Lord Jesus. Judah is now heir apparent until Genesis 37:3 where it seems that Jacob may be making Joseph (he was the firstborn of the favored wife . The closest we get is Revelation 13:8, which says the number of man is 666. Rachel, however, remained barren. Israel then said, "Now let me die, since I have seen your face, because you are still alive. Here's a list of the names of Israel's sons, that is, of Jacob and his sons who moved to Egypt: Reuben, Jacob's firstborn; JPS Tanakh 1917 And these are the names of the children of Israel, who came into Egypt, Jacob and his sons: Reuben, Jacob's first-born. x\m6} endobj 1) Reuben (motherLeah) (Genesis 29:32) 2) Simeon (motherLeah) (Genesis 29:33) 3) Levi (motherLeah) (Genesis 29:34) . It was Jacob that eventually gave birth to 12 sons who were the fathers of the 12 tribes of Israel. For New Testament believers, this is picture of Christian believers who were once faithful, but later depart from the faith by betraying God and rebelling to Him. Because of this, he lost his birthright as the firstborn, with his father Israel giving it instead to the two sons of Joseph (1 Chr 5:1-2). (Zilpah)good fortune A declaration he made, just as Israel himself was to his firstborn brother Esau. Joseph is easily the best known of the 12 sons (and was the favorite of Jacob: Gen 37:3-4), being mentioned in 16 chapters in Genesis (between Ch. Birth order is important and is mentioned many times in the Bible. Not only did the brothers not like his dreams but when their father gave Joseph the coat that was just too much. The Arabic form Ya'qb (Arabic: , romanized:Yaqb may be direct from the Hebrew or indirect through Syriac. Like most families the stories contain the raw stuffand sinof human life. Josephisafruitfulbough by a spring; his branchesrunoverthewall. Esau offered to accompany them on their way back to Israel, but Jacob protested that his children were still young and tender (born six to 13 years prior in the narrative); Jacob suggested eventually catching up with Esau at Mount Seir. The TwelveSons of Jacob As related in the Book of Bereshit (Genesis),[2]the twelvesons of Jacobwere born from fourdifferent wives and are divided into threegeneral categories: a) The sixsons of Leah -- Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. He requested that Esau go out to the fields with his weapons (quiver and bow) to kill some venison. All these are the twelve tribes of Israel, and this is what their father spoke to them. For New Testament believers, again this is picture of them being a royal priesthood when they speak the language of God. 10.Zebulun - Honour. The couple therefore devised a series of signs by which Jacob could identify the veiled bride on his wedding night. 3 0 obj They returned with the news that Esau was coming to meet Jacob with an army of 400 men. Only the numbers three (388 times in 343 verses in the ESV), seven (373 times in 312 verses in the ESV), and one (as seen in John 10:30: 345 times in 288 verses in the ESV) are recorded more. When the land was divided, their tribe did not receive any land; 48 cities scattered around Israel and located within the territories of the other tribes were allotted to them. "I want a blessing from the Rebbe! These sons/tribes were, in order of birth, Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin. So Jacob had his twelve sons {and 1 daughter } with these four women. He saw that a resting place was good, and that the land was pleasant, so he bowed his shoulder to bear, and became a servant at forced labor (Issachars tribe was hard-working, tough, vigorous, and unfaltering, living up to this blessing). The Eastern and Western Churches consider Jacob as a saint along with other biblical patriarchs. Its amazing how God hid all these wonderful truths in simple names and stories. Gad [3] According to Genesis, Jacob displayed favoritism among his wives and children, preferring Rachel and her sons, Joseph and Benjamin, causing tension within the familyculminating in Joseph's older brothers selling him into slavery. [96], Although archaeologist and biblical scholar William F. Albright maintained (c. 1961) that the narratives of Abraham and Jacob could be dated to about the 19th century BCE;[97], John J. Bimson wrote in 1980: "Since then there has been a strong reaction against the use of archaeological evidence in support of the biblical traditions, and Albright's comment could not be repeated with any truth today. Later that day, the report that Jacob ended up receiving came from Joseph's brothers who brought before him a coat laden with blood. "Why do the Righteous suffer?" For New Testament believers, this is picture of a man who recognized his mistakes and repented wholeheartedly making amends for the evil he had done. That order would later be significant in God's design for the breastplate of judgment for the high priests of Israel. God told Abraham to sacrifice him (Genesis 22), and Isaac submitted to God faithfully, but later a ram was chosen in his place for the sacrifice and he was spared. To Issachar (Issachar sounds like the Hebrew word, wagesor hire): Issacharisastrongdonkey,crouchingbetweenthese sheepfolds. A lunar cycle lasts 29-and-a-half days, and continues like this indefinitely. To Simeon and Levi, Jacob said that they were alike in their fierce anger and cruelty, referring to the account of how they led the charge of all the brothers to kill the men of Shechem and to lame their oxen, after the king's son defiled their younger sister Dinah by seducing her (Genesis 33:18-34:31). For an extended study on the subject of the 12 Tribes of Israel and the Patriarchs and Matriarchs from whom they descended and their significance in Biblical History Click Here. The house of Israel acquired many possessions and multiplied exceedingly during the course of 17 years, even through the worst of the seven-year famine. [citation needed] The biblical account of this vision[87] is one of the standard Old Testament readings at Vespers on Great Feasts of the Theotokos. God opened Leah's womb and she gave birth to four sons rapidly: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah. 4 0 obj Some experts believe the coat of many colors may have been a visible sign that Joseph was going to be given the double portion blessing and be made the family leader. Here is a list of Jacob's strengths to consider: Jacob was industrious. He vowed to kill Jacob as soon as Isaac died. Salem Media Group. Then Rachel gives Bilhah, her servant girl to Jacob, so that she may give birth on my behalf (Genesis 30:3). To Naphtali, Jacob said that he was a "doe set free that utters beautiful words". No wonder they were amazed when an Egyptian, whom they were sure could not know them, somehow managed to put them in the correct order of birth from oldest to youngest! (Leah) behold a son 12 princes (Genesis 17:20), 12 sons of Jacob (Genesis 35:22), 12 tribes of Israel (Genesis 49:28), 12 springs of water at Elim (Exodus 15:27), 12 pillars erected by Moses, according to the 12 tribes of Israel (Exodus 24:4), 12 jewels in the high priests breastplate (Exodus 28:21), 12 bulls (Numbers 7:84, 12 silver plates (Numbers 7:87), 12 apostles (Matthew 10:2), 12 gates (Revelation 21:21). All rights reserved. One must apply solid hermeneutical methods (hermeneutics is principles of proper biblical interpretation) when looking at Scripture. This then allows the birth of Joseph, when Jacob was 91 years old, to . Dont play favorites with childrenJacob learned this through his sons scorn of Joseph. Jacob's Twelve Sons -Jacob had twelve sons while living in northern Syria. 12 MOTHER SON BIRTH ORDER REFERENCE OF BIRTH SYMBOL OF BLESSING ORDER OF BLESSING REFERENCE OF BLESSING LEAH BILHAH . The twelve precious gemstones inscribed with each tribe's name were set in gold and placed in four rows of three stones each on the High Priest's Breastplate. Joseph (Joseph means May he addand sounds like the Hebrew taken away) received the lengthiest blessing from his father (Joseph was his favorite). It produced a fruitful and informative study, which will be a post soon. A wild beast has devoured him. (12: 83, 8687, 96) Islamic literature fleshes out the narrative of Jacob, and mentions that his wives included Rachel. The tribes 12 tribes of Israel came from Jacob, the grandson of Abraham, to whom God promised the title "father of many nations" ( Genesis 17:4-5 ). Before she sent Jacob to his father, she dressed him in Esau's garments and laid goatskins on his arms and neck to simulate hairy skin. For New Testament believers, this is picture of the patient and hard-working believer who labors daily to conform to Jesus and walk in His righteousness. The offspring of Jacob's sons became the tribes of Israel following the Exodus, when the Israelites conquered and settled in the Land of Israel. His first-born Reuben was the son of Leah, who later gave birth to Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun. The 12 Tribes of Israel descended from the patriarch Jacob, son of Isaac and grandson of Abraham, who was renamed Israel and gave his name to the nation. But the little baby boy was all right. Surprised that Esau was back so soon, Isaac asked how it could be that the hunt went so quickly. Respectfully, Mark. These children are important in biblical history, as the twelve sons of Jacob became the heads of the twelve tribes. But on the way Jacob had to deal with both Laban and Esau. Those sons were: Ruben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Zebulun, Issachar, Dan, Gad, Asher, Naphtali, Joseph, Benjamin Here is what Genesis 49 tells us. They embraced each other and wept together for quite a while. Jacob feared that his descendants would never be free of Esau's domination, but God assured him that at the End of Days, Edom too would come falling down. Its not the number itself, its a reference to Gods covenantal peoplethe nation of Israel. So in Genesis 37 when they sell him to the Ishmaelites Judah is the ringleader (preserve his blessing) and Reuben is trying to rescue him (get back in favor with Jacob and hopefully he learned something). According to the Midrash,[38] the plural form of the word "weeping" indicates the double sorrow that Rebecca also died at this time. It was still in their possession, and so they all became afraid. God renamed Jacob "Israel" and favored him with 12 sons: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin. If You Found This Helpful, Please Share. [88] Along with other patriarchs his feast day is celebrated in the Byzantine rite on the Second Sunday before the Advent (December 1117), under the title the Sunday of the Forefathers. Binding his foal to the vine and his donkeys colt to the choice vine, he has washed his garments in wineand hisvestureinthebloodofgrapes. Israel's heart "stood still" and just couldn't believe what he was hearing. 5 Things You Should Know about the ESV Bible Translation. Each son of Jacob (Israel) became the . Lisa Loraine Baker is the multiple award-winning author of Someplace to be Somebody. Here are the names and their meanings: Reuben - Behold, A Son is born to us Simeon - One who hears Levi - Attached Judah - Praise the Lord Dan - He judged Naphtali - My Struggle Levi was important because it was from him that the priestly line of the Levites descended. In addition to writing for the Salem Web Network, Lisa serves as a Word Weavers mentor and is part of a critique group. [102], Archaeologist William G. Dever wrote in 2001: "After a century of exhaustive investigation, all respectable archaeologists have given up hope of recovering any context that would make Abraham, Isaac, or Jacob 'historical figures. Laban the Aramean was reluctant to release him, as God had blessed his flock on account of Jacob. Gad (Gad sounds like the Hebrew for good fortune)received this blessing: Raiders shall raid Gad, but he shall raid at their heels. The Gadites were known as mighty men of valor. The Levites became the priesthood of the nation of Israel and are not counted among the Patriarchs of the 12 Tribes of Israel. He led the servants of Pharaoh, and the elders of the houses Israel and Egypt beyond the Jordan River to Atad where they observed seven days of mourning. To Benjamin, Jacob said that he would be victorious over his enemies, devour them like a wolf and divide the spoil. The two chatted for a bit, the Pharaoh even inquiring of Israel's age which happened to be 130 years old at that time. (27:33). God also assured that he would be with him, he would prosper, and he would also see his son Joseph who would lay him to rest. (19:50). A Map of the 12 Tribes of Israel Used by permission of eBibleTeacher Vayechi (Genesis 47:28-50:26 ) Dateline: 1890. The name Jacob is believed to mean one that follows on another's heels. Jacob buried her and erected a monument over her grave. Ephraim did not obey God's command to drive the Canaanites out. The Twelve Sons of Jacob (Israel) and Fathers of the 12 Tribes of Jerusalem; Name Mother Inheritence Highlight Birth Order Reuben: Leah First Born and Protector of Joseph, Lost his Birthright because he slept with Bilhah 1 Simeon: Leah Apparent Leader of the Slaughter of the Circumcized Men (Gen 34:30), Jacob called him a violent man , along . Laban agreed to the arrangement. Jacob is said to have bought Esau's birthright and, with his mother's help, deceived his aging father to bless him instead of Esau. Judah is a lions cub; from the prey, my son, you have gone up. Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. Other scholars, such as Thomas L. Thompson, view the narratives as late literary compositions (6th and 5th centuries BCE) that have ideological and theological purposes but are unreliable for historical reconstruction of the pre-settlement period of the Israelites. Jacob named him Benjamin. Genesis 27:2829 states Isaac's blessing: "Therefore God give thee of the dew of heavens, and the fatness of the earth, and plenty of corn and wine: Let people serve thee: be lord over thy brethren, and let thy mother's sons bow down to thee: cursed be every one that curseth thee, and blessed be he that blesseth thee.". 10. They agreed, and on the third day after undergoing the ritual, while they were in pain and incapacitated, Simeon and Levi went to the city and killed every single male, and brought Dinah back home. Rebecca overheard this conversation. When Jacob heard of these dreams, he rebuked his son for proposing the idea that the house of Jacob would even bow down to Joseph. Levi: the name means attached - Whose mother was Leah. The 12 Tribes of Israel descended from the patriarch [2] Later in the narrative, following a severe drought in his homeland of Canaan, Jacob and his descendants, with the help of his son Joseph (who had become a confidant of the pharaoh), moved to Egypt where Jacob died at the age of 147. 2. b) The twosons of Rachel, Jacob's primary wife Jesus is the firstborn of Creation (Hebrews 1:6, Colossians 1:15, Romans 8:29). She may give birth on my behalf ( Genesis 47:28-50:26 ) Dateline: 1890 at each history! 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