At the heart of the problems confronting Elizabethan England was the challenge of feeding its soaring population. The principal ideas underpinning most Elizabethan medical thinking come from Galen, who lived in the second century A.D. Physicians will cite him as an unquestionable authority when they explain to you that your health depends on a balance of the four humors: yellow bile or choler, black bile, phlegm, and blood. The victims would often die within two to four days. The houses would be locked and bolted from the outside. There were Elizabethan surgeons, but these had a similar reputation to the barbers and the usual route that most people took was to visit the apothecary, or dispenser of drugs. The plague attacked and kill around 25% and 45% of the societies it touch and/or encountered.The plague was made of three bacterial strains which created the three plagues called bubonic, pneumonic, and septimic. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. As mentioned, modern populations are not out of the woods yet. The plague/Black Death first popped up the the 13th century. This action was tantamount to signing a death warrant for the whole family and one of the terrible consequences of the disease. The first occurred during the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century and killed an estimated 25 million people. The Elizabethan Medical Treatment of the Black Death or the Bubonic PlagueThe main reasons for the 14th century pandemic effect and spread of the virus was the poor hygiene and the massive number of infected rodents. It only took about twenty-three days from the point of infection for the plague to be fatal (Benedictow). However, the air was not the problem. Even the animals could not escape its deathly hold. Rate this book. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); In the Elizabethan era therewas pestilence and repeated outbreaks of the Bubonic plague (Black Death) and these were not just confined to highly populated towns such as London. Its populace of roughly 100,000 people included royalty, nobility, merchants, artisans, laborers, actors, beggars, thieves, and spies, as well as refugees from political and religious persecution on the continent. Because living conditions were often cramped and dirty, humans lived in close contact with rats. There was a great deal of backlash to the measures taken to halt the spread of plague. In the orders to pray and fast, the Elizabethan religious authorities included stipulations that indicate an awareness that although plague was undoubtedly the wrath of God, there was nevertheless a physical component to the disease. Peasants realized they could move from village to village, constantly switching to whichever proprietor offered them the best deal. Here are five incredible facts about the life of cats in Elizabethan England, that are so bizarre, you'll hardly believe it's true. Information about the Spread of the Elizabethan Black Death or the Bubonic Plague in Elizabethan EnglandThere were repeated outbreaks of the disease during the Elizabethan era and these outbreaks were often transmitted by the fleas that lived on rodents and animals, especially rats. In turn, all the justices of the county were ordered to meet every three weeks during an outbreak to compile a report on how many had contracted or died from the plague in their county, what towns and villages were affected, how much money they had raised through taxes, and how that money was being spent. When the ships made land, so did the rats, and the infection began to spread. During the Renaissance period a disease was brought to Europe that is known as the Black Plague. There were high mortality rates amongst Elizabethan children and this was true of the brothers and sisters of Shakespeare some of whom were struck down by the Bubonic plague (Black Death). Middle Ages hygiene was extremely basic in terms of the disposal of waste products and garbage. Slowly, apart from fleas, humans also became a natural carrier of the disease and between 1347 to 1353 period, almost 25 million people died as victims of the Black Death. Treatment for this dreaded disease during the Middle Ages was vague and clueless. Marilyn Chase (Goodreads Author) (shelved 1 time as black-plague) avg rating 3.82 1,045 ratings published 2003. Over the next five years, more than 20 million people died from a disease that almost killed one . This black plague was spreading almost like a wild forest fire that is unstoppable in nature. An Elizabethan London who did not understand how the Bubonic plague (Black Death) was spread Queen Elizabeth - Information about containing the Spread of the Black Death or the Bubonic Plague during the Elizabethan eraThere was nowhere to hide from the disease and no one was safe, not even the monarch. The illness also produced in the victim an intense desire to sleep, which, if yielded to, quickly proved fatal. Scholars and historians often refer to him being a part of the Elizabethan Era, the period of English history d uring the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, which lasted from 1558 - 1603, and was itself part of the larger Tudor Period. It was no wonder that the Black Death or Bubonic Plague was so feared by the people of the Elizabethan era. The primary pneumonic plague infects people by droplet infection from human to human being. However, criminal activity by nobles, persecution by lords, war, and disease eventually caused oppressed peasants to revolt. A ship came from China that brought rats infested with fleas, carrying the plague to Sicily. Originating in Asia, it spread west along the trade routes across Europe and arrived on the British Isles from the English province of Gascony. One of the weirdest symptoms is having black boils on their skin. Once afflicted households could end their quarantine, all clothes and bedding were to be burned. These pits were approximately 20 feet deep - the width of the pit would continue to be extended as the outbreak of the Bubonic plague (Black Death)spread. The death cart labourers generally undertook their gruesome work at night and the bodies were hurried out of the house wrapped in any kind of improvised shroud. Many such thieves were thrown into the pits, dead or alive, with their victims. When Henry VIII began dissolving these religious institutions in 1536, however, sickness and infirmity were not abolished with them, and so English authorities had to find new ways to address public health. The earthquakes did lead to an increase in the number of rats in the area (some texts even describe "seas of rats" swimming through water or running through the streets). The moral of the story is you can't run if God doesn't want you to run. It's population was growing continuously with poor people moving from the country to London in search of work. It started to spread from Eastern China, to Europe in the early 1300s, and it reoccurred multiple times during the years to come. By 1650, that number had soared to more than 5 million- the economy simply couldn't keep up. Cats as perfumers Perfumers prepared many aromatics from civet cats. In later years houses containing victims were sometimes indicated with a red cross painted on the door with the words "God have Mercy". Merchant ships and rodents were the two main ways this disease spread and infected humans (The Black Death 1348). cities of Europe to spread the killer disease across the continent. Elizabethan Medicine was extremely basic in an era when terrible illnesses such as the Bubonic Plague (Black Death ) were killing nearly one third of the population. The Plague came in three different ways: bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. It was almost uncontrollable as technological development and advancement in the arena of medicine was really less then. Wealthy people often left densely populated cities and moved to the countryside to stay safe. Also, they were covered in mysterious black boils that oozed blood and pus and gave their illness its name: the Black Death.. The Black Death is the 19th-century CE term for the plague epidemic that ravaged Europe between 1347-1352 CE, killing an estimated 30 million people there and many more worldwide as it reached pandemic proportions. Italian people often used to say that; people had lunch with their friends and had dinner with their ancestors in the paradise. London's first cases of plague were noticed in August. The Bubonic Plague: The Black Death A few ramifications were self-evident, such as trade, others were concealed within the fear that the population had lost so much already, they could no longer afford to lose anything else, whether that be dignity or pride. As the name implies, the Black Death was more often than not a death sentence. The Black Death was not the only pandemic going around Europe, other diseases include syphilis and gonorrhea. During the late 1330s in Europe the population was growing dramatically. Amidst the consequences suffered by those carrying the disease, came the ramifications that those who were not directly affected experienced. In this system, the lord owned the land in small communities, and the peasants living there farmed the land and gave him a portion of their crops as a form of payment. What were the effects of the black death? It is both fascinating and grotesque, so it is no wonder people are still intrigued by it today. Physicians tried to treat the buboes and swelling by lancing and then applying a hot poultice made of butter, garlic, and onions. Nevertheless, it is illuminating to see the ways that these people over three hundred years ago grappled with the fear and uncertainty of virulent disease. As the disease was spread by rodents and fleas, it did lessen its ill effects in the winters but used to spread its arms in the summers and springs again. William Shakespeare is recognised as one of the most talented writers in all of English History. Many people aboard the ship were already dead from the disease and the ship was ordered to leave the harbor, but it was too late. BY Brita Voris. For one thing, ministers were told to keep their sick parishioners separated from the healthy members of the congregation during services. When a person caught the plague, he/she had a sudden fever with chills and headache. It was an act 'agaynst Conjuracions Inchauntmentes and Witchecraftes'. The Black Death The 16th century wasnt one of the brightest for the people of the Elizabethan Era. Dan talks to Helen Castor about her book on Elizabeth I and the way she governed. When she was a kid, she spent a lot of time in France. Sweating sickness kills tens of thousands of people on its first appearance in 1485 and periodically thereafter. People formed communities, isolated from each other. The Black Death had reached Paris, London, Lyon and Bordeaux by the middle of the year in 1348. These symptoms could come on rapidly, making it very difficult to get treatment in time. The physicians of the medieval period had no idea what caused the plague and there was no definite cure. William Shakespeare. How did the black death spread so quickly? A really effective medical treatment and cure for the Bubonic plague (Black Death) was impossible during the Elizabethan and later periods of history. By the end of the fourteenth century, the Black Death killed nearly 60% of Europes population. Europe during the fifteen hundreds were a dangerous place; disease, famine, and violence all prevented the population of the era to live a long life. It was at pandemic or epidemic proportions in England and Europe for roughly four years. Statistics show that 1000 people died weekly in mid August, 1600 per week in September, and 1800 per week in October. .adslot_1 { width: 300px; height: 250px; } Due to a severe labor shortage, serf survivors were able to demand higher wages and better working conditions from their new landlords. The Black Death. Innumerable cows, sheep, pigs, goats, and chickens perished along with people. There would have been no money coming into Theater companies and therefore no money for the Elizabethan actors. Some dissenters viewed quarantine as antithetical to Christian charity, arguing that the solution to such a judgment from God was not to separate but rather to come together in fellowship, sick and healthy alike. A perfect vehicle for ensuring the spread of the disease in Elizabethan London. Does the Black Plague Still Exist? By the end of the fourteenth century, the Black Death killed nearly 60% of Europe's population. In the first episode of BBC historical drama Wolf Hall, based on Hilary Mantel's novel of the same name, Thomas Cromwell returns home to find his wife and two daughters have all died . Amidst the consequences suffered by those carrying the disease, came the ramifications that those who were not directly affected experienced. Realizing that the Italian merchants had brought the disastrous plague to them, the people of Sicily threw them out of the city. No effective remedy was found and hence, people did not at all receive any function able treatment. Authorities in Sicily ordered the fleet of death ships to leave the harbor, but it was too late. concerns or questions about your health, you should always consult with a physician or other The Black Death of October 1347 to c1352 was one of the worst catastrophes in recorded history - a deadly bubonic plague that ravaged communities across Europe, changing forever their social and economic fabric. At Bristol, Michael carries pike and shotte and portions out gunpowder. 1547 Repeal of 1542 Witchcraft during the reign of King Edward VI, the son of Henry VIII, who was more liberal in his thinking about witches and witchcraft. His academic interests include religion, superstition, conflict, and identity, and he is writing his masters thesis on the impact trying on armor has on what museum visitors learn in arms and armor galleries. information on this site as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment, or Some elements of quarantine were introduced but usually by the time that this was instigated the deadly disease had already struck. Within a few days, the deadly plague spread in Sicily and other parts of Europe. Unequivocal evidence for its early existence comes from the discovery of genomic traces of Y. pestis . This was believed to be infectious and communicative in nature and hence, isolation was the only possible remedy then. The London streets were dark, narrow and dangerous and slow to travel through. The Black Plague, a disease many would agree was both one of the most devastating and poignant events to occur in European History. The cover-all clothing would have protected the Elizabethan Physician from fleas and therefore the Black Death / Bubonic Plague. Around 650 cases of the Plague are still reported each year, although modern medicine is much more equipped to deal with it. Every week, each parish had to report its numbers of infected and dead to the justices of its hundred (the English administrative jurisdiction between parish and county), and said justices were required to meet every week to go over these numbers and assess the situation in their territory. The dead were to be buried in a secluded part of the graveyard at twilight, to minimize the chances of passersby contracting plague from the bodies. Men and women also abandoned their cities, houses, dwellings, relatives, property, and went abroad. Merchant ships and rodents were the two main ways this disease spread and infected humans (The Black Death 1348). It is widely believed that Bristol was the place where the Black Death first reached England. They had symptoms that included fever, unable to eat, pain that was so bad they became crazy. Black Death, pandemic that ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351, taking a proportionately greater toll of life than any other known epidemic or war up to that time. Quotes - Plays - Sonnets - Pictures - Timeline- Facts - Biography - Poems - Bubonic Plague - Globe Biography - Dictionary - Elizabethan Theater - Identity Problem - Biography - Black Death - Stratford. Plague laid waste to England and especially to the capital repeatedly during Shakespeare's professional life in 1592, again in 1603, and in 1606 and 1609. Shakespeare's life also overlapped with the Jacobean Era . The diet was mostly made of beer, milk, cheese and bread. The black plague was not only a biological issue but also a mental issue as people then was really panic stricken and did isolate the affected ones. That the London authorities had a pattern of using the threat of contagion as a pretext for shutting undesirables out of town and conveniently forbidding public assembly at times of civil unrest no doubt fed into these concerns. It is clear that they believed that God would have mercy on them if they fled, or that the Plague would decline outside of the city walls. Since the disease was highly contagious, it is believed that the bubonic plague was controlled through the right implementation of isolation and quarantine. The people who were uninfected would rarely leave their homes isolating the sick ones in separated places. The third plague pandemic occurred later, in the middle of the 19th century and originated in Eastern Asia. It was like a terrifying killer was let loose all across Europe. Elizabethan medical treatment for head pains was with sweet-smelling herbs such as rose, lavender, sage, and bay. Early treatment is still key, however, so anyone experiencing fever and tumors must seek medical treatment immediately. Furthermore, the disease killed his son Hamnet at 11 years of age in 1596. 20 July 2012. Human beings cruelly abandoned their sick loved ones in a desperate attempt to protect their own-selves against the heinous bubonic plague. Plague doctors started wearing special masks with a bird-shaped beak for protection, as they believed the disease was airborne. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. The Black Death famously devastated England, as it did much of Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa, in the mid-fourteenth century. Tasked with treating victims of the Black Death, plague doctors wore all-leather suits and beak-like masks to avoid catching the fatal disease. Elizabeth had many lovers - MYTH. She became queen when she was 1 week old because her father died. One of the major killers during the time was disease. The Elizabethan era, spanning the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, was the golden age of British history. Ring around the rosie, a pocket full of posies, ashes, ashes, of Europe got obliterated by the black plague. A preservative against the pestilence The bubonic plague was important to the English culture because this disease affected many people in England. Aids started to spread Africa when the people ate chimpanzee just like how the people in England would eat infected food. Yes, this talks about death and epidemics that used to kill hundreds and thousands in the medieval ages that had no specific cure and hence, was really terrifying. During the mid-fourteenth century, a plague hit Europe. One of the worst outbreaks of smallpox occurred two years before Shakespeare's birth, in 1562. It made its way to Europe on trade and cargo ships, traveling on the backs of rats stowed away on the ships. Others had more worldly concerns, suspecting all the quarantine measures to be nothing more than an attempt to curtail their rights, rights which they feared would not be restored after the plague had passed. After 2,000 people died in London in 1528, the Sweat travelled via ship to Hamburg, Germany, where over a thousand deaths occurred in a month. What caused the Bubonic plague in the Middle Ages? The Bubonic plague (Black Death) was always caught or spread from an infected animal or person. The Black Death was a plague pandemic which devastated medieval Europe from 1347 to 1352 CE, killing an estimated 25-30 million people. Threats of imprisonment were made as encouragement to undertake these tasks and this consequence was suffered by anyone who refused the role. Between 1558 and 1582 plaques arrived in London every four years on average. Queen Elizabeth I was such an influential person in the world during her lifetime that the period of her reign is called the Elizabethan Era. The first . Why did the Black Death kill so many people in the 14th century? In later years, doctors found a bit of success by bursting the buboes, although this could also lead to secondary infection. We often hear the plague spread due to unhygienic conditions and a surplus of rats in Europe. In October 1347, after traveling through the Black Sea, 12 Genoese ships used for trading stopped at the port of Messina. A ship came from China that brought rats infested with fleas, carrying the plague to Sicily. Due to the fact that the serfs and peasants were poor, they barely ate meat. The Arrival. For headaches, doctors used lavender, rose, and sage, Vomiting or nausea was relieved with balm, mint or wormwood. The bubonic plague, known to most as the Black Death, had such a powerfully negative impact upon the witches and warlocks living during this time. At times, the royal court was closed to all but critical personnel to protect the whole government from dying in one stroke of contagion. The Black Plague can be at fault for this horrific tragedy. See Also: 10 Facts about Life in Ancient Egypt Facts about Life in Elizabethan England 9: the bread crumbs These rodents spread the Bubonic plague from China to Europe and lastly, it hit Britain in 1348. Imagine being in an unsanitary environment in the Elizabethan era not getting the help from doctors that people get today. Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history. Plague is an extremely infectious and vile disease caused by a bacteria known as Yersinia Pestis. The trade connections in the past among China, India, central Asia and Europe were the main reason behind spreading of this terrific disease. The Elizabethans had no idea that the plague was spread by fleas that had lived on rats; though there were many "cures" for the plague, the only real defense--for those who could afford it--was to leave the crowded, rat-infested cities for the country. Also spurting wage demands created an abysmal situation in Europe then. The Elizabethan era was truly a dangerous time. For another, the instructions for the penitential fasting specified that only those between the ages of sixteen and sixty need fast, allowing children and the elderly to keep their strength, and exempted those already ill, a tacit recognition that skipping meals would only make the disease worse. All of the waste was just dumped into the River Thames. The Black Death was a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s. The plague arrived in Europe in. Amulets of dried blood and ground-up toads were worn at the waists of the Elizabethan Physicians. 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